A Brief Note On Sweden And Norway And Sweden Essay

CDP Paper Sweden, Introduction History: Sweden has been a land populated for thousands of years, by early humans who left remnants of their civilization through simple tools and cave drawings. Sweden was originally a set of provinces that, around 1000 AD, were absorbed into a single unit, with their government system being that of an absolute monarchy. However, by 1389, Sweden, along with Norway and Denmark, was placed under the rule of Danish Queen Margareta, creating the Kalmar Union. The Kalmar union fell apart due to internal conflicts, and Sweden became independent in 1523 (History of Sweden | Official site of Sweden, 2015). Soon after, the Swedish royalty nationalized churches and took its estate. This set the bedrock for the Swedish state, concentrating wealth and power in the hands of royals, and had economic and social consequences for years to come. In 1718, however, the Swedish royalty lost much of its power, with the Riksdag (Swedish Parliament) choosing to take power away from the king and put it with Parliam ent(History of Sweden | Official site of Sweden, 2015). Late 19th century Sweden was affected by popular movement, such as those to free churches and encourage women rights. Current day Sweden is a parliamentary government, with its constitution stating that power comes from the people, and the monarch being a head of state in name only. Geography: Sweden is a nation in Northern Europe, with an area of 450,000 km^2. It’s slightly larger thanShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Sweden And Finland And Norway1128 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Sweden is a country located in Northern Europe and it borders the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak. Stockholm is the capital of Sweden, which has a population of 2.1 million. The official language is Swedish, however many people that live in Stockholm also speak English (Visit Capital City, n.d). Some countries near Sweden include Finland and Norway. Sweden’s geography is mostly flat, with mountains in the west. As for their government system, it is a constitutionalRead MoreThe Health And Funding Of Health Services Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pagessummary Healthcare IT infrastructure varies widely in developed countries, as indeed does the organisation and funding of health services. This report provides a synopsis of the position in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands, Poland and the USA. We also have brief notes on EU-level activities. Overall, developing countries have populations that are ageing and becoming more demanding. This, coupled with technological progress, pushes up operational costs faster than the general growthRead MoreTaking a Look at Niels Henrik Abel2400 Words   |  10 Pageslooking briefly at the political problems which led to economic problems in Norway. At the end of the 18th century Norway was part of Denmark and the Danish tried to remain neutral through the Napoleonic wars. However a neutrality treaty in 1794 was considered a aggressive act by Britain and, in 1801, the British fleet destroyed most of the Danish fleet in a battle in the harbour at Copenhagen. Despite this Denmark-Norway avoided wars until 1807 when Britain feared that the Danish fleet might be usedRead MoreHistory HL Paper 3 Europe6131 Words   |  25 Pagesinstitution, not only Louis XVI, thus the first part of the question needs an analysis of the nature of the monarchy, as head of an outdated feudal system and as a cause of the revolution, as well as of the actions of Louis. It could be relevant to give a brief background, possibly mentioning Louis XIV, then show the absolutist nature of the monarchy (no States General was called for 175 years until 1789). Government finances relied upon a mixture of increasingly burdensome direct and indirect taxation. LouisRead MoreA Comparison Between Advertising Agencies’ and Pr Agencies’ Internationalization Motives and Entry Modes - Eight Cases from Sweden20158 Words   |  81 PagesA comparison between advertising agencies’ and PR agencies’ internationalization motives and entry modes - Eight cases from Sweden 1. Abstract The firm internationalization literature is extensive, but dominated by studies of technical, often large, firms. The service firm internationalization literature is slowly growing. Few international contributions are found investigating the advertising industry and no such studies focus on the Swedish market. The PR industry has been internationallyRead MoreRegionalization and Marketing Mix Strategies of a Company14027 Words   |  57 Pagesgovernmental affairs, which gave us the opportunity to conduct interview with right personnel. Specially thanks for two persons, Professor Svante Andersson, teacher of international marketing at university and the managing director of Dormer Tools (Sweden), Mr. Erling Gunnesson, whom advice gave us a direction for our study. Finally we would like to acknowledge our profound gratitude to our tutor, Professor Gabriel Baffour Awuah for his magnificent guidance, patience and encouraging manners. HalmstadRead MoreHM Case Study16624 Words   |  67 Pages................... 6 The Aim of the Thesis ...................................................................................... 6 Target Group................................................................................................... 6 Brief Introduction of HM.............................................................................. 7 Delimitation ..................................................................................................... 7 RESEARCH METHODS ............Read MoreEssay about The Vikings3552 Words   |  15 Pagessea-roving bandit: pirate. 3. a Scandinavian. 4. U.S. Aerospace. One of a series of space probes that obtained scientific information about Mars.† (1) The Vikings lived about one thousand years ago in the lands that we now call Iceland, Lapland, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. To most people the Vikings were raiders that got in their longboats and sailed somewhere and then went from town to town killing and pillaging. This is not completely true, because the Vikings were also great adventurers. They setRead MoreZombies : A Brief History Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesZombies - A Brief History By Stacey Fontier | Submitted On January 15, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Zombies have become an increasing popular topic for video games, movies and Halloween duringRead MoreEssay Women in the Workplace2420 Words   |  10 PagesExecutive Summary Women across the globe are shattering glass ceilings one at a time, and it is time the world takes note of it. Chief executives express their commitment to the advancing equality between men and women by actions such as advancing women in the workplace. Areas of such empowerment include: market and community progress through the use of sex, disaggregated data, and other benchmarks (Chakabarti). Times are changing in the makeup of the workforce today. Females are quickly becoming

The Freedmen s Bureau - 2615 Words

Chapter 14 Summative Paper Contreras, Jacob - HOUR 4 1. A) Describe the Freedmen’s Bureau, especially what its purpose was. B) Explain how Andrew Johnson became President of the United States. After the Civil War, Congress and the president set up a new government agency to help former freedmen. This new government agency was called by the name of the Freedmen’s Bureau. The Freedmen s Bureau also was an agency to help former slaves adjust to freedom after the 13th Amendment ended slavery. Their purpose for running this agency was to give out clothes, foods, and medicines, which reduced the death rate of many African Americans. They also did many other things like create schools for African Americans, like Atlanta University,†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, the army finally caught up to John Wilkes Booth and killed him. Since President Abraham Lincoln died, Vice President, Andrew Johnson from Tennessee became the new president of the United States. Radical republicans favored him because they thought he would be very harsh on pardoning the south back into the Union. 2. A) Describe â€Å"Black Codes† in the South, and how Republicans did away with the codes. B) Describe the details of the Reconstruction Act of 1867. During 1866, even though the 13th Amendment ended slavery, Black Codes passed in the South, limited the rights of African Americans. Black codes had many affects on African Americans and the North itself. The Black Codes kept African Americans from owning any land or renting land. The South did not think of this as a new type of slavery. On the other hand, the North thought it was reinventing a new type of slavery. The Republicans got ride on slavery with the help of Congress and the Freedmen’s Bureau. Congress gave power to the Freemen’s Bureau to address the unlawful Black Codes. They punished anyone who did not give African Americans their rights by putting them on a special trial. Congress then passed laws that would take away Black Codes, but President Andrew Johnson vetoed the bill, which means the laws were rejected. Since there was so many Republicans in Congress, they were able to override the President s veto and the bills became

Parody In Hong Kong free essay sample

The popular perception of parody and the standard dictionary definition conceives of parody as a specific work of humorous or cocking Intent, which Imitates the work of an Individual author or artist, genre or style, so as to make it appear ridiculous This conception, which has been referred to as a target parody, has been frequently cited by courts in Canada and the United States as the definition of parody. Lastly, many definitions of parody do not insist upon criticism at all. Margaret A.Rose defines parody as the comic refrigerating of performed linguistic or artistic material Tracing the history of parody, Rose notes that the comic side of parody has been a characteristic of the form since its earliest introduction in ancient Greece: The majority of works to which words for parody are attached by the ancients, and which are still known to us In whole or In part, suggest that parody was understood as being humorous in the sense of producing effects characteristic of the comic, an d that if aspects of ridicule or mockery were present these were additional to its other functions and were co-existent with the parody ambivalent renewal of Its target or targets Linda Hutchison Is another of a number of theorists who believe that the continuing and unwarranted Inclusion of ridicule In Its function has trivialities the form. We will write a custom essay sample on Parody In Hong Kong or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hutchison defines parody as a form of imitation. characterized by ironic inversion, not always at the expense of the parodied text, suggesting that what Is remarkable about modern parody Is its range of Intent from the Ironic and playful to the scornful and ridiculing. 26 under this view of parody, neither critique nor comic intent is necessary. Instead, parodies may be characterized by admiration and reverence as exemplified by the Star Wars films, which parody the much-loved film The Wizard of Oz. Http://www. Bid. Gob. Hack/Eng/Intellectual property/copyright/key point of consultation paper on Parody-PDF Definition of parody There is no uniform definition of parody or unified approach in dealing with parody within the international community. A variety of terms such as parody, satire, caricature and pastiche are used In the legislations, policy discussions or case law in different jurisdictions to describe various works which include an element of imitation or incorporate certain elements of an underlying copyright work for the purposes of creating comic or critical effects etc. Such terms are not defined in the sportive copyright legislations of Hong Kong and overseas countries such as Australia, the US, Canada and the K.For the sake of convenience and facilitating public discussion, we will use parody as a collective term to refer to the above 1 OFF term secondary creation (JINNI) interchangeably with parody. This is not a term commonly used in copyright Jurisprudence and may entail a much large r scope than parody. In fact, the term secondary creation has been used very loosely to cover a wide-range of activities, including a mere adaptation or modification of a copyright work. As such, the subject of the present consultation is parody but not secondary creation. The term parody is not defined in the Copyright Ordinance and there has been no case law in Hong Kong which may cast light on the meaning of the term. It is generally considered that parody may encompass satire, caricature and pastiche. What is Parody?There is no unified legal definition of parody internationally. However, parody broadly refers to works that imitate or incorporate certain elements of others work (usually copyrighted) for the purposes of creating comic or critical effects. Common examples of parody in Hong Kong include combining existing news photos or movie posters with pictures of political figures, providing new lyrics to popular songs and editing a short clip from a television drama or movie to relate to a current event. Parody is a term comes from the Greek word parodied. With accordance to the consultation paper issued by HUSSAR, there is no standardized definition of parody internationally (1). Margaret A.

Resist... can you free essay sample

At certain times in life we all have been tempted by deferent things. Even though they might be risky, we still choose to explore a bit more about them. We all find It curious to see what It can be like. Some might be fun and yet others not so fun. It all depends on which salutation youre facing. Once I was faced by situation In which I felt tempted badly by It. Two years ago by this same time I was dating the most amazing guy Ive met in my life, well that I thought. He treated me like a princess and gave me al the love and appreciation a girl could receive from his boyfriend. I thought that I loved him but it only it was a strong attraction towards him. That, I discovered after my adventure with my temptation. At the begging I felt guilty but I Just got used to it. We will write a custom essay sample on Resist can you? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At times I felt alive and changed. My temptation turned out to be my next door neighbor. Of all people I wouldnt have imagine that he could have been my weakness. But it wasnt my fault that I decide to play around with him. My so called boyfriend had the fault of my doing and thats why I dont feel any regret of doing so. He started to change his attitude with me.I thought that maybe the problem between us was me, but It wasnt. We even talked about what was going on and he said that everything was okay, nothing to worry about. A few days after our talk I found out that he was cheating on me. So obviously I was devastated, one year of relationship gone to waste. He decided to fool around with a harlot. After knowing what he did to me I choose to stay with him. I confronted him and told him that I knew what was going on. He begged for forgiveness and I was so dumb that I forgave him. A few weeks later he still was cheating on me with that floozy.Oh, boy was I mad! I told myself Fool me once shame on you, fool me twice shame on me. After knowing it I didnt confronted him and pretended that everything was okay. One day I was talking with my neighbor and hes also my friend, and told him what was going on. He seemed to understand, since he was very comprehensive with the situation I was facing. After that day we started talking almost every day. Each day we seemed to connect a little bit more. But that connection was getting a bit too strong. He even had a girlfriend but he seemed to be Interested In me. We both felt attracted to one ND other.But I knew it wasnt right since I still loved my boyfriend and my neighbor had a girlfriend. Keeping that in mind I decided to be careful with every move that was made. But it wasnt enough keeping that in mind. I wanted him badly! My desires for him were stronger than anything I could imagine. One night we were talking, laughing and having a good time. We got carried away with our conversation that when I looked at the phone it was already two in the morning. I told him I had to go. Soon after I told him that I had to go, we said our goodbyes but this time it wasnt like very time a kiss on a cheek and a goodnight. He grabbed me, pulled me close to him and kissed me Very passionately. I was surprise but at the same time excited, I enjoyed every second of It. In response to the kiss I kissed him back. I felt the rush, the need to do so. Eve wanted to do It since a very long time. After a few weeks maybe two months we continued to see each other every day. Until one day I Just got rued of lying to my boyfriend and told him I was seeing another person and that I thought also I knew we was still cheating. And he started to cry like a baby and he felt crushed I told him that he forced me to do it.He was a dirty liar and he tried to fool me with the l love you bullwhip. After all I told him that I did understand why he chose to be with the harlot. He felt tempted by her and for that same reason I did felt the same by neighbor. We all find certain things and persons attractive but I can be risky to get them or to be with them. We feel tempted or attracted because we find them more amusing, exhilarating, etc. And not only has it happened in relationships it can happen with any given situation. So, I guess youre wondering what happened tit my neighbor?He got dumped by his girlfriend. We still talk. Sometimes we go back to those moments of last year and we relived them. I ended breaking up with my boyfriend because I realized that he wasnt the one and that he was lying bastard. I dont feel any regret with every decision I made in this situation. Honestly I havent made a better choice in my life. I have to thank my ex-boyfriend for forcing me on taking this choice. So in the end some temptations can be good and others not so much. In my case it has been a really good one! Im enjoying every second of it.

Professional Knowledge and Abilities

Professional Knowledge and Abilities Free Online Research Papers Maintaining professional knowledge and abilities is essential to one’s career success. The continued striving for additional knowledge related to one’s professional field, or the attainment of knowledge from reliable and credible sources and organizations, allow an individual to possess the knowledge and abilities needed to succeed within a particular field. Various organizations and associations allow an individual from any professional field to further develop or enhance professional abilities and knowledge of a chosen profession. American Psychological Association Overview The American Psychological Association is the largest association of psychologists with over 150,000 members. This global organization functions with the mission to aid society as a whole by improving lives of those dealing with psychological illness. Working continually to advance knowledge of mental illness, awareness, and treatment methods the American Psychological Association is the optimal source for professional knowledge and abilities for any individual entering or currently working within the field of psychology (American Psychological Association, 2010). Increasing Professional Knowledge and Abilities The individual seeking to enter or currently working within the psychology field will find a plethora of opportunity for increasing his or her professional knowledge and abilities through membership with the American Psychological Association. The organization’s purpose is to advance psychology both as a science and profession, and to also act as the leading means to the promotion of health, education, and human welfare (American Psychological Association, 2010). The American Psychological Association offers its members in all branches of psychology encouragement and continually seeks to improve the understanding and methods of psychology through research. The association also implores its members to hold to very high standards of ethics, conduct, education and achievement. The member of the American Psychological Association is able to enhance or further develop his or her knowledge and abilities through various meetings, reports, discussions and publications and acts as a valuable resource for professional contacts (American Psychological Association, 2010). Impact on Career Success The individual seeking a career in psychology will undoubtedly find the American Psychological Association to have vast impact on his or her career success. By becoming a member of the association one is able to achieve increased success with the utmost respect from colleagues and clientele when one follows the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. These principles and code of conduct supply the professional with a guide to behavior which will enable the professional to function within the professional field and address many issues of ethical dilemmas the professional may face throughout his or her career (American Psychological Association, 2010). For the new professional just entering the field these guidelines are essential for success and advancement potential. The American Psychological Association also makes available to the professional countless resources for credible and current information regarding any matter related to psychology which will enable the professional to always have access to valuable information required for treating those who suffer from mental illness. In addition, the association acts as the source for scholars seeking a degree in psychology to learn the standards associated with scholarly writings one will be required to complete throughout one’s educational experience (American Psychological Association, 2010). Conclusion In any profession one must continue to attain higher levels of professional knowledge and abilities in effort to achieve professional success. Regardless of the chosen career path an individual follows failure to seek additional knowledge and enhanced professional abilities will limit the chances of success in modern society which is ever-changing. Through research one is able to assimilate oneself with various professional organizations and associations such as the American Psychological Association, which offer valuable resources to the professional which can increase success for the professional in his or her chosen field. References American Psychological Association. (2010). About the American Psychological Association. Retrieved Feburary 5, 2010, from apa.org/about/ American Psychological Association. (2010). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct 2002. Retrieved Feburary 5, 2010, from apa.org/ethics/code2002.pdf Research Papers on Professional Knowledge and AbilitiesThree Concepts of PsychodynamicInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThe Project Managment Office SystemThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationStandardized TestingEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenOpen Architechture a white paperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Degrade

Degrade Degrade Degrade By Maeve Maddox A reader has asked for a discussion of the verb degrade in the context of the latest fashionable phrase, â€Å"degrade and destroy.† It seems to be popping up everywhere. What would be a suitable replacement to mean, attack until it is destroyed? The phrase originated in the announcement that the US military plans to â€Å"degrade and destroy† the so-called Islamic State (ISIL). Like all catchy military coinages, such as â€Å"shock and awe,† the phrase has quickly caught on in other contexts: Can the U.S. Army Degrade and Destroy Ebola? [Rape] is used as a weapon to defile, degrade and destroy a survivors will and control over her/his own body. TV programmers have a basic, brutal philosophy: If you can help your lineup, great; but you must do everything in your power to degrade and destroy the competition. The new clichà © muddles the meaning of degrade as applied to people with degrade as applied to objects. As applied to human beings, the usual meanings of degrade are â€Å"to reduce in rank† or â€Å"to humiliate.† The verb derives from Latin degradare, â€Å"to lower in rank.† Here are examples of conventional usage: To lower in rank Following French military custom of the time Dreyfus was formally degraded by having the rank insignia, buttons and braid cut from his uniform and his sword broken, Dempsey publicly degraded and reprimanded Dooley, and Dooley received a negative Officer Evaluation Report. Three bishops were degraded and banished for adverse opinions. To humiliate A lawyer is forbidden to ask any question intended to degrade a witness or other person. Workplace bullying refers to repeated, unreasonable actions of individuals intended to intimidate, degrade, humiliate, or undermine others. Staff must never act in ways intended to shame, humiliate, belittle or degrade children. Scientific uses of degrade relate to things, not people: degrade (Geology): to wear down rocks, strata, cliffs, etc. by surface abrasion or disintegration. degrade (Biology): to reduce to a lower and less complex organic type. degrade (Physics): to reduce energy to a form less capable of transformation. In referring to people, even bad people, better choices are available to convey the idea of weakening an enemy before wiping them out. Here are a few: cripple debilitate disable enfeeble exhaust impair incapacitate undermine Unless one is writing about habitat, it’s probably best to avoid the expression â€Å"degrade and destroy.† Related post: Awe and Awesome Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect ObjectsConfused Words #3: Lose, Loose, LossRunning Errands and Doing Chores

A Concept Analysis of Anxiety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Concept Analysis of Anxiety - Essay Example The objective of the study undertaken is to present various perspectives of the different disciplines regarding the concept of anxiety. The perspectives include medical and non-medical fields. Anxiety is distinguished from fear as anxiety is the reaction to an unexpected, possible harmless scenario. On the other hand, fear pertains is the reaction to a verified danger. Anxiety and fear are related but they are two different kinds of emotions especially when behavioral response is used as a basis. From an evolutionary point of view, possible hazard is detected and behavioral, cognitive and emotional reactions occur to save the human being and escape the possible danger through the functioning of anxiety as a logical and functional effect (Sartori, Landgraf and Singewald, 2011). Some people avoid anxiety and develop phobia towards anxiety. The phobia towards anxiety is known as anxiety sensitivity and it pertains to fear of anxiety symptoms that lead to beliefs about the negative effec ts of the symptoms in terms of psychological, physiological, and social point-of-view. Anxiety sensitivity leads to panic disorder and other anxiety diseases according to the studies conducted on adults and have increasingly become the reason for the onset of anxiety in the early stages of life like in childhood and adolescence. Studies showed that anxiety sensitivity is identified as an indicator to predict the panic attacks among preteens. It is related to fears, anxiety, panic-like symptoms, and anxiety diseases based on the experiments done on children and adolescents in communities. Anxiety sensitivity has the possibility to be connected to anxiety symptoms above and it is not only a trait since it influences the lives of children and adolescents (Mc Laughlin and Hatzenbuehler, 2009). As the above explanations showed, childhood and adolescence are the main life stages where the onset of anxiety symptoms occurs. Symptoms may involve mild symptoms or the whole anxiety disorders. The reliable clinical validity of assessment in the perspective of research is needed to determine the prevalence and patterns of the onset of panic and anxiety. Deeper understanding of characteristics as solid symptoms for more malignant disorders is needed as it may have some relations to self-limiting patterns of course and outcome. Early detection is an advantage so people can recognize anxiety and make full preparations and preventions or treatment for the young people (Beesdo, Knappe and Pine, 2009). Previous studies showed the effect of unrelated emotions to tasks on a goal-oriented cognitive processing occurring simultaneously is connected to unlike patterns of activation in emotions and perceptions versus cognitive executive brain regions. Although little is known about the use of individual variations in the responses, a present study investigated deeper into the influence of anxiety on the neural responses controlling: †¦the effect of transient anxiety-inducing task- irrelevant distraction on cognitive performance, and on the neural correlates of coping with such distraction. We investigated whether activity in the brain regions sensitive to emotional distraction would show dissociable patterns of co-variation with measures indexing individual variations in trait anxiety and cognitive performance (Denkova et. al., 2010). Past studies on stress and anxiety disorders has considered factors like genetic, physiological, or behavioral phenomena in isolation. Separate studies had been conducted and results were not integrated. Recent studies changed the tradition since more comprehensive developmental studies have been done that are very important for their inclusion of discoveries from adult social and genetic

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

History - Essay Example The civil rights movement can be considered to have been created by Martin Luther King Jr. due to his influence. After his death, there was a lack of similar leadership, though the inception of the civil rights movement meant that the minority races could stand for their own rights. This was illustrated by the Asian and Mexican communities who joined hands with the black community to fight for their freedom. Martin Luther King’s message of equality did not change. However, without his influence; there was nobody to carry on his push for equality in the United States. This led to the white community oppressing the minority communities and asserting their dominance. (Lansford 65) The only individual who ever came close to carry on Martin’s message and vision was civil rights activist Reverend Jesse Jackson. His attempt was based on establishing change in the United States, and he wanted to do that from the top, by becoming the president. He attempted to become president i n 1988, as he perceived being president would be the best way of being able to implement the vision embraced and conceptualized by Martin Luther King. A major barrier affected the mentality of minority groups, as there had never been a non-white US president. The Civil Rights movement had grown into an important factor due to the influence of Martin Luther King. ... Therefore, the Civil Rights movement has had a major influence in the development of the United States. Essay 2 Under the presidency of Richard Nixon in the 1960s, there was uproar in the ideologies that Nixon condoned in the American society. The most disputable factor was the abortion movement that resulted in abortion becoming legal in California in the 1960s. Another factor was America becoming part of the war in Vietnam, even when it was not necessary. These two factors created a counter-culture that was a rejection of the factors, represented or condoned by Nixon at the time. Counter-culture was the ideology in which individuals in the United States had developed distaste for the mannerisms and methodologies that Nixon implemented in the 1960s. It was the cause of the backlash at the time (Lansford 135). The domestic policies that Nixon used were deemed unacceptable; the major highlight being the legalization of abortion. In a society that was majority Christians and a good num ber catholic, the legalization of abortion in California was a factor that was simply unacceptable, because abortion is not acceptable in Christianity. Nixon based his decision as a measure of birth control and regulation of the American population. This was deemed unacceptable to the Christian fraternity as they considered it ‘Un-Godly’ for an individual to take the life of another individual. It created a huge uproar and dissatisfaction in the presidency of Nixon, and as a result, they were eager to remove him from office as he had decided to go against the wishes of the majority of the American population. In truth, Nixon needed to consider weighing up the options, the implications of creating and

The Coffee Crisis Essay Example for Free

The Coffee Crisis Essay Introduction In 2011, Diego Comin, Associate Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School, revised his 2009 case study on the Great Moderation (reproduced by permission for Capella University, 2011). The case explores whether or not the Great Moderation, defined by investopedia. com as â€Å"the period of decreased macroeconomic volatility experienced in the United States since the 1980’s [during which] the standard deviation of quarterly real GDP declined by half, and the standard deviation of inflation declined by two-thirds (para.1)† is still in effect. This paper will use evidence from research in a draft by Pancrazi and Vukotic (2011) that proposes â€Å"macroeconomic variables in the last thirty years have not only experienced a reduction in their overall volatility, but also an increase in their persistence (p. 2). † The 2011 research paper also purports that â€Å"by using a New-Keynesian macroeconomic model the responsiveness of output variance to changes in the monetary policy decreases with an increase in the persistence of technology (p. 2). † The result, according to Pancrazi and Vukotic, is an â€Å"overestimate† of the monetary influence and authority to â€Å"smooth out the real economic dynamics (p. 2). † The Great Moderation and the The Great Recession. Comin, in â€Å"The Great Moderation, Dead or Alive? † (Capella, 2011), quotes Ben Bernanke, Chairman of the Federal Reserve: reduced macroeconomic volatility has numerous benefits. Lower volatility of inflation improves market functioning, makes economic planning easier, and reduces the resources devoted to hedging inflation risks. Lower volatility of output tends to imply more stable employment and a reduction in the extent of economic uncertainty confronting households and firms. The reduction in the volatility of output is also closely associated with the fact that recessions have become less frequent and less severe (p. 17). † Comin points out that these conditions existed until the Great Recession of 2007 when the U. S. and other countries experienced the longest period of recession and â€Å" the largest GDP contraction in the U. S. since the Great Depression (p. 17). In â€Å"Overlooking the Great Moderation, Consequences for the Monetary Policy† (2011), the researchers hypothesize that the â€Å"Great Moderation might have been fertile ground for the recent recession (p. 3), in that technology caused an â€Å"increased persistence in the macroeconomic variables (p. 4). † Macroeconomic Observations. To summarize Comin’s (2011) account of macroeconomic activity in the U. S between 1930 and 2010, when observing the GDP during this period, he says, â€Å"it is clear that since around 1984 it has been harder to observe large deviations from the average growth rate (p.17). † When examining other macroeconomic variables, Comin says that hours worked, consumption, investment, labor productivity, and total factor productivity (TFP), have, for the most part, â€Å"experienced stabilization by roughly the same magnitude, [where] the stock market has not stabilized significantly. If anything, it has become more volatile over the last few decades (p. 18). † Pancrazi and Vukotic focus their research on â€Å"studying the behavior of the total factor productivity (TFP) before and after the Great Moderation (p.4)†¦[by] using a basic New-Keynesian model featuring imperfect completion and price stickiness, [to ascertain] whether a change in the persistence of TFP affects the responsiveness of the real variables to the monetary policy (p. 6). † Their observations include an examination of the stability of TFP and an assessment that â€Å"a higher Microeconomic impact of the coffee crisis. The case study conveys that â€Å"coffee was the main source of income for roughly 25 million farmers, mostly small land holders, in Latin America, Africa, and Asia (p.1). † The coffee crisis created immense hardship for these small producers; â€Å"in some countries, farmers had been forced to take their children out of school and put them to work (p. 1). † One of the consequences of the coffee crisis that was less publicized was how larger farms and their workers were devastated. Large farms generally do not use non-cash family workers, like many of the smaller farmers do; as a result of the crisis, many workers were laid off, subsequently putting larger farms completely out of business. (Price, 2003) Where some producers chose to get out of the coffee business and venture into unknown territory with a new crop, others either attempted to break into the coffee â€Å"niche† market or decrease their outputs. (Line Tickell, 2003) In the ICO report on the impact the coffee crisis has had on poverty, the socio-economic impact reported by the respondent countries is filled with narratives that describe families and farmers who worked in the coffee industry unable to pay for medicine, food, and other essentials. Families are also reported to have migrated to cities, where there is typically no work for skilled farmers; some countries report that workers have migrated leaving their families behind. (Osorio, 2003) Solutions for long term sustainability. The case study presents an outline of solutions recommended by the ICO, Technoserve (as reported to the Inter-American Development Bank) and Oxfam. â€Å"The Coffee Crisis† states that, according to Oxfam, â€Å"the long run solution†¦was a commitment to ‘fair trade’†¦ a system in which a buyer in the first world agrees to pay third-world producers enough to support a decent living (p.5). † Oxfam says that â€Å"the fair trade movement was designed to provide an assured income and other benefits to the farmers associated with it (Line Tickell, 2003, p. 8). † Technoserve believes the following â€Å"three areas offer the highest potential for sustainable impact: 1. Increasing coffee consumption in producer countries and emerging market countries; 2. Assisting unprofitable producers of high-quality Arabica to move into higher-priced specialty coffees; and 3. Helping regions with a high concentration of marginal coffee producers who cannot differentiate their product or compete on price to diversify into other products and industries (para. 15 16). † In June, 2004, Nestor Osorio of the ICO presented to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) a report titled: â€Å"Lessons Learned from the Coffee Crisis: A Serious Problem for Sustainable Development. † In it he outlines the economic strategies he believed would prevent a future crisis and assist coffee producer toward long-term sustainability. Two proposed policies address the supply-demand problem: 1. To use the experience of the coffee crisis to create awareness – best achieved through the ICO – in national and international bodies of the danger of embarking on any projects or programmes (sic) which will further increase supply; and 2. Working to increase the benefits accruing from value-added products rather than traditional bulk commodity exports. Osorio recognizes the importance of â€Å"the need for market development to increase demand (p. 5)† also. He says that projects intended to benefit the supply chain should include actions from farmer to consumer, as well as farmer to exporter. These include: 1. â€Å"Support for the ICO’s Quality-Improvement Programme as a means of improving consumer appreciation and consumption of coffee; 2. Action to increase consumption in coffee-producing countries themselves, which should have a number of positive effects such as providing an alternative market outlet, increasing producer awareness of consumer preferences, stimulation of small and medium enterprises, etc. as well as acting to increase demand; 3. Action to enhance knowledge and appreciation of coffee in large emerging markets such as Russia and China, following the successful ICO campaigns in the 1990s; and 4. Protecting consumption levels in traditional markets through quality maintenance, development of niche markets and dissemination of positive information on the health benefits of coffee consumption. (p. 5-6). † Conclusion The coffee market has been described as an â€Å"imperfect market; a market that in recent years has failed – both in human and economic terms (Lines Tickell, 2003, p. 8). † The coffee crisis illuminated the impact the market had on international trade, national economies, businesses and families many in underdeveloped, low income countries. Because the regions where coffee can be grown are also many times third-world or repressed countries, coffee production is considered a humanitarian concern as well as an economic issue. Where an organization like Technoserve may lean toward business partnership solutions for the coffee industry, and Oxfam may concentrate on the humanitarian perspective, the International Coffee Organization appears to have taken a balanced approach in presenting the plight of coffee producers from both altruistic and economic perspectives. Where it is understood that many depressed areas and nations depend on coffee crops for sustenance, the ICO has taken a stand that the lessons learned from the coffee crisis must be solved with the tenets of economics, coupled with social responsibility, if families, farms, businesses and coffee-producing nations are going to achieve long-term sustainability. References Capella University. (Eds. ). (2011). MBA6008: Global Economic Environment. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Lines, T. , Tickell, S. (2003, May 1). Walk the Talk, Oxfam International Briefing Paper, May, 2003. Oxfam International | Working together to find lasting solutions to poverty and injustice. Retrieved May 5, 2012, from www. oxfam. org/sites/www. oxfam. org/files/walk. pdf Osorio, N. (2002). ICO. org Documents/Global Crisis. International Coffee Organization. Retrieved May 4, 2012, from dev. ico. org/documents/globalcrisise. pdf Osorio, N. (2003). ICO. org Documents/G-8. International Coffee Organization. Retrieved May 4, 2012, from dev. ico. org/documents/g8e. pdf Osorio, N. (2004). ICO. org Documents/UNCTAD. International Coffee Organization. Retrieved May 4, 2012, from dev. ico. org/documents/UNCTAD. pdf Prince, M. (2003, December 3). CoffeeGeek Coffee Crisis:TechnoServe Releases Fact-Based Industry Analysis. CoffeeGeek News, Reviews, Opinion and Community for Coffee and Espresso. Retrieved May 5, 2012, from http://coffeegeek. com/resources/pressreleases/technoservedec42003.

The Great American Depression of the 1930s :: American History Essays

The Great American Depression of the 1930's The economic depression that beset the United States and other countries in the 1930s was unique in its magnitude and its consequences. At the depth of the depression, in 1933, one American worker in every four was out of a job. In other countries unemployment ranged between 15 percent and 25 percent of the labor force. The great industrial slump continued throughout the 1930s, shaking the foundations of Western capitalism and the society based upon it. Economic Aspects President Calvin COOLIDGE had said during the long prosperity of the 1920s that "The business of America is business." Despite the seeming business prosperity of the 1920s, however, there were serious economic weak spots, a chief one being a depression in the agricultural sector. also depressed were such industries as coal mining, railroads, and textiles. Throughout the 1920s, U. S. banks had failed--an average of 600 per year--as had thousands of other business firms. By 1928 the construction boom was over. The spectacular rise in prices on the STOCK MARKET from 1924 to 1929 bore little relation to actual economic conditions. In fact, the boom in the stock market and in real estate, along with the expansion in credit (created, in part, by low-paid workers buying on credit) and high profits for a few industries, concealed basic problems. Thus the U. S. stock market crash that occurred in October 1929, with huge losses, was not the fundamental cause of the Great Depression, although the crash sparked, and certainly marked the beginning of, the most traumatic economic period of modern times. By 1930, the slump was apparent, but few people expected it to continue; previous financial PANICS and depressions had reversed in a year or two. The usual forces of economic expansion had vanished, however. Technology had eliminated more industrial jobs than it had created; the supply of goods continued to exceed demand; the world market system was basically unsound. The high tariffs of the Smoot-Hawley Act (1930) exacerbated the downturn. As business failures increased and unemployment soared--and as people with dwindling incomes nonetheless had to pay their creditors--it was apparent that the United States was in the grip of economic breakdown. Most European countries were hit even harder, because they had not yet fully recovered from the ravages of World War I.) The deepening depression essentially coincided with the term in office (1929-33) of President Herbert HOOVER. The stark statistics scarcely convey the distress of the millions of people who lost jobs, savings, and homes. From 1930 to 1933 industrial stocks lost 80% of their value. In the four

The Mayflower Compact

Morison’s quote does not diminish the importance of early documents such as The Mayflower Compact. It only puts it in context of part of a larger process that began with the English settlement of North America. The compact did not create a plan for Democracy. It did, however, establish a theoretical framework that would grow over the succeeding centuries. In 1620 the Pilgrims created a document of self-governance. It was meant to foster a better society, if only within their small colony. It was a combination of religious ideals and ideals of freedom. The Mayflower Compact was not a constitution. It did, however, implant ideas that would be central to the creation of a new and prosperous nation The Origins When the Pilgrims sailed for North America, nothing was assured. They were taking a tremendous risk with their lives. Past settlements had been decimated by weather, disease and Indian attacks. Despite the hardships, the settlers saw the new world as a great opportunity. Many were fleeing from religious persecution in Europe. While they remained loyal to the King of England, the fact was that the new settlers were far from his direct control. Some on board the Mayflower saw this as a chance to form a better and more just government. The Mayflower had landed far north of Virginia, its original destination. The settlers knew they were beyond the control of the Virginia Company. They would have to make do on their own. Knowing that past settlements had failed because of a lack of coherent government, the settlers took steps to remedy the problem. In 1620, they wrote the Mayflower compact. It was a basic theory of government. The settlers past experiences with religion and various forms of persecution influenced the document. The theory of government stated in the Mayflower Compact would, in time, become the prevailing model for a democratic society. The compact begins by paying homage to the King, but goes on to spell out the ideas of freedom that form the bedrock of American culture. The Ideals The signers of the Mayflower compact were Puritan separatists. For pragmatic reasons they recognized the King of England. They were primarily concerned, however, with staying in the good graces of God. They brought with them a unique combination of experiences and motives. The Puritans wanted a society more in accordance with their religion. However, they also had experienced the pain of religious persecution. They innately understood the danger of an all-powerful government. While they were firm in their religious beliefs, they wanted to limit how much those beliefs were written into future laws. The result was a local government based on social contract. It was pragmatic, given the small size of the colony. Everyone had to work together for survival. It was also idealistic in its aims. The social contract was not a new idea, but the settlement of America gave the first opportunity to use it on a large scale. The social contract was necessary to encourage further settlements that could survive away from a central government. The Mayflower Compact created a theoretical template to do this. The Pilgrims called their creation a â€Å"civil body politik† (Dahl, 2000). Its purpose was to enact just laws that would benefit the colony as a whole. The Plymouth colony eventually succeeded. Other colonies adopted the ideas of the Mayflower Compact, and the social contract became the primary form of government in America. The Lasting Impact Here was a unanimous and personal assent by all the individuals of the community to the association by which they became a nation. John Adams, 1802 (from The Pilgrim Hall Museum, 1998) The Mayflower Compact started a process by which democracy took root in America. Success breeds success. The Plymouth colony provided an example that people can thrive by essentially ruling themselves. The feeling that the colonists didn’t need an all-powerful king set in over the first hundred years of European colonization. The eventual products of this feeling were the Declaration of Independence and the new United States Constitution. The society that sprung from the Mayflower Compact made room for the wide variety of people that would come to America in future years. Freedom encouraged ever more immigration, and democracy was strengthened. The Mayflower Compact itself was not a blueprint for democracy. It did, however, plant the seeds of freedom with self-restraint. That idea is central to American democracy. Sources Dahl, Robert A. (2000). On democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press. Eldredge, Laurence H. (1968). Men, laws and government: some reflections on the Mayflower Compact. Philadelphia: Society of Colonial Wars in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Pilgrim Hall Museum. (1998). Later Significance of the Mayflower Compact. Retrieved 2/6/2006 from: http://www.pilgrimhall.org/compcon.htm The Society of Mayflower Descendents. (2002). The Mayflower Compact. Retrieved 2/6/2006 from: http://www.ctmayflower.org/mayflower_compact.php Wishing, Lee. (2004). Thankful for a Fourth Grade Play. Retrieved 2/6/2006 from: http://gccsavvior.com/VISION_&_VALUES_CONCISE_Thankful _for_a_Fourth_Grade_Play.php?view_all=            

Motivation vs Employee Performance

This chapter examined relevant literature from works that have already been done on the topic. The literature review was structured in the following form: Introduction, motivation, the early theorists of motivation, and contemporary theorists of motivation. Area of Study 1:MotivationMotivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activate behavior. In everyday usage, the term motivation is frequently used to describe why a person does something. For example, you might say that a student is so motivated to get into a clinical psychology program that she spends every night studying.Psychologists have proposed a number of different theories of motivation, including drive theory, instinct theory and humanistic theory. Motivation is the for ce that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. It is what causes us to take action, whether to grab a snack to reduce hunger or enroll in college to earn a degree. The forces that lie beneath motivation can be biological, social, emotional or cognitive in nature. Researchers have developed a number of different theories to explain motivation. Each individual theory tends to be rather limited in scope. However, by looking at the key ideas behind each theory, you can gain a better understanding of motivation as a whole.1.1. BonusBonus is the extra amount in money, bonds, or goods over what is normally due. The term is applied especially to payments to employees either for production in excess of the normal (wage incentive) or as a share of surplus profits. The wage incentive was designed during the late 19th cent. not only to increase production but to reward the more skillful and more energetic workers. The hourly or weekly wage was to be figured as payment for a st andard rate of work, and the workers who exceeded that standard were to receive a bonus.However, the system fell into disfavor with labor unions because rate cutting was often resorted to when bonuses became too high. Industrial engineers of the 1930s realized that definite standards of  accomplishment and quality must be set to make wage incentives workable. Many firms have used an annual bonus plan for distributing abnormal profits to employees. The term is also applied to payments to former servicemen in addition to regular pensions and insurance.1.2. IncrementSalary increments are often expressed as a percentage of an employee's overall base pay. An increment usually represents a portion of what the employee earns per year. Employers use increments to increase or decrease base salaries or to award bonuses. Employees use them as a benchmark to either negotiate a pay increase or a starting salary with a new employer. When an employer offers a starting salary that is 5 percent be low average, a potential employee might counter with a 5 percent increase. Public employees typically receive annual raises based on salary increments.1.3. Better FacilitiesDesigning a workplace that provides opportunities for the broadest potential workforce makes good business sense. This allows employers to select the most qualified people from the largest possible applicant pool. It may also improve work efficiency, employee productivity, workplace safety and the quality of work. The workforce will likely represent a wide range of demographics and abilities. Most workers spend much of their time at the workplace.Therefore, many design considerations for workplace facilities may be different than other types of built environments that are used by fewer people over shorter time periods. Job performance is best when the environment neither under-stimulates nor over-stimulates the employee. Lighting, the thermal environment and noise are the key environmental variables to consider. The most desirable levels of each will not only vary across work environments and people, but also will vary for different job requirements. It is therefore important for the designer to have a good understanding of the work requirements to design effective environments.Area of Study 2: Employee performance Employee performance is basically related performance appraisal in  terms of and individual goals. Employee Performance means the level at which your employees are performing. Employee performance is more than just completing the â€Å"dreaded† annual review in order to get the annual bonus or pay increase. It is an ongoing activity with the ultimate goal of improving both individual and corporate performance.Employees set their objectives for the upcoming review period; monitor their progress against those objectives, and develop the right set of skills and objectives for the future. Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common vision. The ability to direct individual accomplishments toward organizational objectives. It is the fuel that allows common people to attain uncommon results. Andrew Carnegie (1835 – 1919)2.1. The appraisal process is made up of three stages: Goal setting – set goals and objectives for the upcoming review period Evaluation – assess the employee's performance against the established goals and objectives Improve performance and skill development – career planning, training, personal development, coaching, mentoring and more.2.2. Why should an organization consider implementing an Employee Performance Management (EPM) solution? Automation – save time and money by automating this potentially labour intensive activity. Not only will organizations become more efficient, they will be able to improve on their HR reporting and analytics. Goal Alignment – the goals and objectives of the organization can be cascaded down to every level of the organization. Everyone in the organiza tion will be working towards a common objective. Remote Workers- technology and the nature of the work force has made alternative working arrangements a reality. Employees no longer have to physically be in the office in order to do their job.2.3. With an EMP solution, managers and employees can collaborate on their performance objectives.Flexibility – EMP solutions can be configured to meet the unique needs of every organization. Competency Management – every organization has specific competencies that are important for the company, departments and roles that  can easily be managed using EMP software. Talent Management – EPM is an important part of the Talent Management Process. It helps to identify known competencies for success, develop succession plans, pinpoint talent gaps, and establish compensation scales. The employee performance management solution allows organizations to manage their talent in order to maximize their human resources in order to gain a competitive advantage.Motivation and Employee PerformanceAccording to Dubin (2002), â€Å"Motivation is the complex of forces starting and keeping a person at work in an organization. Motivation is something that puts the person to action, and continues him in the course of action already initiated†. Motivation refers to the way a person is enthused at work to intensify his desire and willingness to use his energy for the achievement of organization’s objectives. It is something that moves a person into action and continues him in the course of action enthusiastically.Motivation is a complex phenomenon, which is influenced by individual, cultural, ethnic and historical factors. Motivation can be defined as â€Å"a series of energizing forces that originate both within and beyond an individual’s self†. These forces determine the person’s behavior and therefore, influence his/her productivity (Jackson, 1995). According to De Cenzo et al,(1996), peo ple who are motivated use a greater effort to perform a job than those who are not motivated. In other words this means that all thinkable factors of physical or psychological aspects that we interact with, leads to a reaction within our self or of the entire organization.According to Latham and Ernest (2006) motivation was in the beginning of the 1900s thought only to be monetary. However, it was discovered during the 20th century that to motivate employees, there are more factors than just money. In their view, employees‟ satisfaction with their job is an important indicator for a good job performance and happy employees are productive. To them, motivation is a psychological factor and is affected by the workers‟ mental attitude and health. Therefore, in order to be motivated, a person needs to have certain basic needs fulfilled. If these needs are lacking, a person’s self-esteem and self-actualization cannot develop.This could  result in lack of interest to p rogress and develop, both professionally and personally. There are several theories of human needs, which are the foundation of motivation. CIPD‟s Reward Survey (2005a) reveals that human resource (HR) and line managers fail to develop reward strategies for their employees. Guest and Conway, (2005) established their suggestions on the basis of CIPD‟s survey on employee welfare and emotional convention that managers fail to motivate and improve the performance of people whom they manage.The familiar notion that people leave managers, not organizations, suggests that the organizations concerned, were subjected to failure for holding managers responsible to understand their role in motivating people and to manage performance as effectively as they can. The biggest challenge for HR managers is to push line managers to manage and develop people.According to Butkus and Green (1999), motivation is derived from the word â€Å"motivate†, means to move, push or persuade to act for satisfying a need. Baron (1983) defined motivation in his own right. He says that â€Å"motivation is a set of processes concerned with a kind of force that energizes behavior and directs it towards achieving some specific goals. Many writers have expressed motivation as goal directed behavior. This objective nature of motivation is also suggested by Kreitner and Kinicki (2001) put forward that motivation represents â€Å"those psychological processes that cause the stimulation, persistence of voluntary actions that are goal directed†.A motivated person have the awareness of specific goals must be achieved in specific ways; therefore he/she directs its effort to achieve such goals (Nel et al., 2001). It means that motivated person is best fit for the goals that he/she wants to achieve, as he/she is fully aware of its assumptions. Therefore if the roles of managers are assumed to successfully guide employees towards the organizational agenda of achieving its objective s, then it is very important for them to educate and understand those psychological processes and undertakings that root cause the stimulation, direction of destination, determination and persistence of voluntary actions (Roberts, 2005). Mo (1992) differentiates between the terms „movement‟ and motivation‟.Movement carries out the task for compensation, remuneration in humans mind to act, while the term motivation is stapled with total involvement of a person in its tasks to carry out with excitements and  happiness. In simple words, movement compels a person to carry out tasks, while motivation is self-realized jubilant and pleasing act of carrying out specific tasks. The researcher emphasizes on motivation which is basis for the success because the person involved in it is very happy and voluntarily excited not for compensation. Motivation is reason for individuals‟ accomplishments to carry out the project (La Motta 1995).There are many aspects of motivat ion in an organization; a person motivated by those aspects may not necessarily motivate another person, because there are many different factors that affect motivation for different level employees. On reaching the understanding and believing that people (employees) are naturally motivated, an organization simply provide the environment for their motivation to be enhanced and improved (Baron, 1983). It means that an organization is a better environment and working atmosphere provider, it only needs to believe that the people have the motivational behaviour. Lawler (2003) noted that different theories questioning why people prefer certain careers, why they seek particular rewards and why they feel satisfied or dissatisfied with their work and rewards.These are some of the resonating questions that create so many assumptions and hypotheses to be researched. It is widely recognized in management circles, that motivation plays a role in keeping an employee performing his or her best in any task assigned. Assessing La Motta and Baron, views on the concept of motivation makes one wonder why incentives provided to workers did not yield intended purpose. This is as a result of dynamics of individual needs and humans can never be satisfy in that, when one need is catered for responded, the worker shifts to another need and this then becomes a challenge hence the call for further research on the issue of motivation.An individual's motivation is influenced by biological, intellectual, social and emotional factors. As such, motivation is a complex, not easily defined, intrinsic driving force that can also be influenced by external factors. Every employee has activities, events, people, and goals in his or her life that he or she finds motivating. So, motivation about some aspect of life exists in each person's consciousness and actions. The trick for employers is to figure out how to inspire employee motivation at work. To create a work environment in which an employee i s motivated about  work, involves both intrinsically satisfying and extrinsically encouraging factors.Employee motivation is the combination of fulfilling the employee's needs and expectations from work and the workplace factors that enable employee motivation – or not. These variables make motivating employees challenging. Employers understand that they need to provide a work environment that creates motivation in people. But, many employers fail to understand the significance of motivation in accomplishing their mission and vision. Even when they understand the importance of motivation, they lack the skill and knowledge to provide a work environment that fosters employee motivation. Here are thoughts about encouraging and inspiring employee motivation at work.3.1. Factors to Encourage MotivationThese are some of the factors that are present in a work environment that many employees find motivating. Management and leadership actions that empower employees,  Transparent a nd regular communication about factors important to employees, Treating employees with respect,  Providing regular employee recognition,  Feedback and coaching from managers and leaders,  Above industry-average benefits and compensation,  Providing employee perks and company activities, and  Positively managing employees within a success framework of goals, measurements, and clear expectations.Every person has different reasons for working. The reasons for working are as individual as the person. But, we all work because we obtain something that we need from work. The something obtained from work impacts morale, employee motivation, and the quality of life. To create positive employee motivation, treat employees as if they matter – because employees matter. These ideas will help you fulfill what people want from work and create employee motivation.3.2. What People Want From Work Some people work for personal fulfillment; others work for love of what they do. Others work to accomplish goals and to feel as if they are contributing  to something larger than themselves. The bottom line is that we all work for money and for reasons too individual to assign similarities to all workers. Learn more.3.3. How to Demonstrate Respect at Work Ask anyone in your workplace what treatment they most want at work. They will likely top their list with the desire to be treated with dignity and respect. You can demonstrate respect with simple, yet powerful actions. These ideas will help you avoid needless, insensitive, unmeant disrespect, too. Read more about respect.3.4. Provide Feedback That Has an Impact Make your feedback have the impact it deserves by the manner and approach you use to deliver feedback. Your feedback can make a difference to people if you can avoid a defensive response.3.5. Top Ten Ways to Show Appreciation You can tell your colleagues, coworkers and staff how much you value them and their contribution any day of the year. Trust me. No occa sion is necessary. In fact, small surprises and tokens of your appreciation spread throughout the year help the people in your work life feel valued all year long.3.6. Trust Rules: The Most Important Secret Without it, you have nothing. Trust forms the foundation for effective communication, employee retention, and employee motivation and contribution of discretionary energy, the extra effort that people voluntarily invest in work. When trust is present, everything else is easier. Learn more.3.7. Provide Motivational Employee Recognition You can avoid the employee recognition traps that: single out one or a few employees who are mysteriously selected for the recognition; sap the morale of the many who failed to win, place, or even show; confuse people who meet the criteria yet were not selected; or sought votes or other personalized, subjective criteria to determine winners. Learn more.3.7.1. Employee Recognition Rocks Employee recognition is limited in most organizations. Employees complain about the lack of recognition regularly. Managers ask, â€Å"Why should I recognize or thank him? He’s just doing his job.† And, life at work is busy, busy, busy. These factors combine to create work places that fail to provide recognition for employees. Managers who prioritize employee recognition understand the power of recognition.3.7.2. Top Ten Ways to Retain Your Great Employees Key employee retention is critical to the long term health and success of your business. Managers readily agree that their role is key in retaining your best employees to ensure business success. If managers can cite this fact so well, why do many behave in ways that so frequently encourage great employees to quit their job? Here are ten more tips for employee retention.3.7.3. Team Building and Delegation: How and When to Empower People Employee involvement is creating an environment in which people have an impact on decisions and actions that affect their jobs. Team building occ urs when the manager knows when to tell, sell, consult, join, or delegate to staff. For employee involvement and empowerment, both team building and delegation rule. Learn more.3.7.4. Build a Mentoring Culture What does it take to develop people? More than writing â€Å"equal opportunity† into your organization’s mission statement. More than sending someone to a training class. More than hard work on the part of employees. What development does take is people who are willing to listen and help their colleagues. Development takes coaches, guides and advocates. People development needs mentors. Learn more.

Dysprosium Facts - Element 66 or Dy

Dysprosium Facts - Element 66 or Dy Dysprosium is a silver  rare earth metal  with  atomic number  66 and  element symbol  Dy. Like other rare earth elements, it has many applications in modern society. Here are interesting dysprosium facts, including its history, uses, sources, and properties. Dysprosium Facts Paul Lecoq de Boisbaudran identified dysprosium in 1886, but it wasnt isolated as a pure metal until the 1950s by Frank Spedding. Boisbaudran named the element dysprosium from the Greek word dysprositos, which means hard to get. This reflects the difficulty Boisbaudran had separating the element from its oxide (it took over 30 attempts, still yielding an impure product).At room temperature, dysprosium is a bright silver metal that slowly oxidizes in air and readily burns. It is soft enough to be cut with a knife. The metal tolerates machining so long as it isnt overheated (which can lead to sparking and ignition).While most of the properties of element 66 are comparable to those of other rare earth, it has unusually high magnetic strength (as does holmium). Dy is ferromagnetic at temperatures below 85K  (−188.2  Ã‚ °C). Above this temperature, it transitions to a helical antiferromagnetic state, yielding to ​a disordered paramagnetic state at  179  K (−94  Ã‚ °C).Dysprosium, like related elements, does not occur free in nature. It is found in several minerals, including xenotime and monazite sand. The element is obtained as a by-product of yttrium extraction using a magnet or flotation process followed by ion exchange displacement to obtain either dysprosium fluoride or dysprosium chloride. Finally, the pure metal is obtained by reacting the halide with calcium or lithium metal. The abundance of dysprosium is  5.2  mg/kg in the Earths crust and 0.9  ng/L in sea water.Natural element 66 consists of a mixture of seven stable isotopes. The most abundant is Dy-154 (28%). Twenty-nine radioisotopes have been synthesized, plus there are at least 11 metastable isomers.Dysprosium is used in nuclear control rods for its high thermal neutron cross-section, in data storage for its high magnetic susceptibility, in magnetostrictive materials, and in rare earth magnets. It is combined with other elements as a source of infrared radiation, in dosimeters, and to make high strength nanofibers. The trivalent dysprosium ion displays interesting luminescence, leading to its use in lasers, diodes, metal halide lamps, and phosphorescent materials.Dysprosium serves no known biological function. Soluble dysprosium compounds are mildly toxic if ingested or inhaled, while insoluble compounds are considered non-toxic. The pure metal presents a hazard because it reacts with water to form flammable hydrogen and reacts with air to ignite. Powdered Dy and thin Dy foil can explode in the presence of a spark. The fire cannot be extinguished using water. Certain dysprosium compounds, including its nitrate, will ignite upon contact with human skin and other organic materials. Dysprosium Properties Element Name: dysprosium Element Symbol: Dy Atomic Number: 66 Atomic Weight:  162.500(1) Discovery:  Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1886) Element Group: f-block, rare earth, lanthanide Element Period: period 6 Electron Shell Configuration:  [Xe] 4f10  6s2 (2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2) Phase: solid Density:  8.540  g/cm3 (near room temperature) Melting Point:  1680  K   (1407  Ã‚ °C, 2565  Ã‚ °F) Boiling Point:  2840  K (2562  Ã‚ °C, 4653  Ã‚ °F) Oxidation States:  4,  3, 2, 1 Heat of Fusion: 11.06 kJ/mol Heat of Vaporization: 280 kJ/mol Molar Heat Capacity:  27.7  J/(mol ·K) Electronegativity:  Pauling  scale: 1.22 Ionization Energy:  1st:  573.0  kJ/mol,  2nd:  1130  kJ/mol,  3rd:  2200  kJ/mol Atomic Radius: 178 picometers Crystal Structure: hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Magnetic Ordering: paramagnetic (at 300K)

A Brief History of Womens Property Rights in the U.S.

A Brief History of Women's Property Rights in the U.S. Today, its easy to take for granted that women can take out a line of credit, apply for a home loan, or enjoy property rights. However, for centuries in the United States and Europe, this was not the case. A womans husband or another male relative controlled any property allotted to her. The gender divide concerning property rights was so widespread that it inspired Jane Austen novels such as Pride and Prejudice and, more recently, period dramas such as Downton Abbey. The plot lines of both works involve families made up solely of daughters. Because these young women cant inherit their fathers property, their future depends on finding a mate. Womens right to own property was a process that took place over time, starting in the 1700s. By the 20th century, women in the U.S. could be property owners, just as men were. Womens Property Rights During Colonial Times American colonies generally followed the same laws of their mother countries, usually England, France, or Spain. According to British law, husbands controlled womens property. Some colonies or states, however, gradually gave women limited property rights. In 1771, New York passed the Act to Confirm Certain Conveyances and Directing the Manner of Proving Deeds to Be Recorded, legislation gave a woman some say in what her husband did with their assets. This law required a married man to have his wifes signature on any deed to her property before he sold or transferred it. Moreover, it required that a judge meet privately with the wife to confirm her approval. Three years later, Maryland passed a similar law. It required a private interview between a judge and a married woman to confirm her approval of any trade or sale by her husband of her property. So, while a woman may not have technically been allowed to own property, she was allowed to prevent her husband from using hers in a way she found objectionable. This law was put to the test in the 1782 case Flannagans Lessee v. Young. It was used to invalidate a property transfer because no one had verified if the woman involved actually wanted the deal to go through. Massachusetts also took women into consideration regarding its property rights laws. In 1787, it passed a law allowing married women, in limited circumstances, to act as femme sole traders. This term refers to women who were allowed to conduct business on their own, especially when their husbands were out to sea or away from home for another reason. If such a man was a merchant, for example, his wife could make transactions during his absence to keep the coffers full. Progress During the 19th Century Its important to note that this review of womens property rights mostly means white women. Slavery was still practiced in the U.S. at this time, and enslaved Africans certainly did not have property rights; they were deemed property themselves. The government also trampled on the property rights of the indigenous men and women in the U.S. with broken treaties, forced relocations, and colonization generally. As the 1800s began, people of color did not have property rights in any meaningful sense of the word, though matters were improving for white women. In 1809, Connecticut passed a law permitting married women to execute wills, and various courts enforced provisions of prenuptial and marriage agreements. This allowed a man other than a womans husband to manage the assets she brought to the marriage in a trust. Although such arrangements still deprived women of agency, they likely prevented a man from exercising total control of his wifes property. In 1839, a Mississippi law passed giving white women very limited property rights, largely involving slavery. For the first time, they were allowed to own enslaved Africans, just as white men were. New York gave women the most extensive property rights, passing the Married Womens Property Act in 1848 and the Act Concerning the Rights and Liabilities of Husband and Wife in 1860. Both of these laws expanded the property rights of married women and became a model for other states throughout the century. Under this set of laws, women could conduct business on their own, have sole ownership of gifts they received, and file lawsuits. The Act Concerning the Rights and Liabilities of Husband and Wife also acknowledged mothers as joint guardians of their children along with fathers. This allowed married women to finally have legal authority over their own sons and daughters. By 1900, every state had given married women substantial control over their property. But women still faced gender bias when it came to financial matters. It would take until the 1970s before women were able to get credit cards. Before then, a woman still needed her husbands signature. The struggle for women to be financially independent of their husbands extended well into the 20th century.

Plagiarism in Universities in English Speaking Countries Essay

Plagiarism in Universities in English Speaking Countries - Essay Example The rise of plagiarism and its negative impact on the educational sector in these country has raised eye brows and is a major concern on how it can be eliminated or though its causes can be addressed. Because of these researches have been conducted in order to establish the main causes of plagiarism by different authors. According to (Guo Xin 2011) poor academic skills is one of the main causes of plagiarism in most universities. This is because students are not able to distinguish between what article has been paraphrased this way they end up plagiarizing. Due to lack of good academic skills most scholars do not understand why cheating is wrong and can become as a result of plagiarizing. They also lack enough knowledge on how to use in texts and how to phrase the sources .Another factor associated with poor academic skills is that the scholars are unable to plan their time and schedule enough time to do research and also to write their academic papers and articles. Finally in poor a cademic skills ,most students in the English speaking countries are not well trained on writing skills and they have problem of not considering in term academic continuous assessment tests such as writing thesis ,doing assignments and also presentations. They are more focused on the end of term exams. In order to solve this problem Daniel luzer 2011, suggested that teachers should explain to their students how to differentiate between plagiarized articles, the teachers should also promote good academic skills among the students that will ensure that the students understand the importance of doing their work and presenting assignments. The teachers should also teach the students of good time management skills so that they can have time to research and do their own individual works. According to Bam ford et.al.(2005),the other factor that causes plagiarism is external pressures. This pressures include the fact that students lack enough resources like money to help them study and facil itate their stay in the learning institutions and also help live better lives at home. Hence, they are forced to plagiarize since it takes less time and take the extra time to work and get money .Secondly most scholars fear the punishment and rejection they would get from their family members and especially parents if they fail t o score well in school. Thirdly, about 60 percent of students experience pressure from the parents and relatives on the fact that they should perform well in school as a means of making the both parties proud. Good performance is viewed as a great necessity among most families. Lastly, most students plagiarize in order to ensure they remain at par with the good performers in the school or learning institution. According to carolla, (2000),the solution to these problem is to make sure that all students are availed with all the resources that they need to facilitate their learning both at home and also in their schools. The other solution is to ensure that pa rents are made to accept the results of their children and motivate them to work harder and improve their grades next time. The family plays a very crucial role in embracing and promoting honesty and hard work among the students. Finally (chester 2001) suggests that students should be made to understand that all cannot lead in performance squares due to the differences in capabilities and their potentials too. According to devlin (2007),the other major

Film Analysis and it's Applications Coursework

Film Analysis and it's Applications - Coursework Example Belfort divorces his loyal wife, begins using both drugs and prostitutes and is a fraudster. He commits a number of crimes as he operates his company aggressively often flaunting some existing laws that govern the operation of stock brokerage firms. The film provides an effective criticism of the society by proving the claim that â€Å"power corrupts† as the main character becomes increasingly powerful. The fact that the film is an adaption of a real life story makes it effective in representing the lives of some of the wealthiest people in the first world. Wall Street, for example, is a representation of America’s financial hub. The 0.7-mile street produces hundreds of millionaires on a yearly basis. The film provides the society with a view to the operations of the stockbrokers. This way, the film shows how the individuals generate their wealth. The film provides a systematic and equally effective criticism of the society thereby influencing the cultural values. From the rise and fall of Belfort in the film, the audience understands the importance of humility, respect, ethical business operations and obedience to the

Business advantages for mobile apps Research Paper - 1

Business advantages for mobile apps - Research Paper Example The members of a business organization at various horizontals and verticals can stay focused, up-to-date and organized for all business operations. An overwhelming advantage is the cutting edge marketing procedure offered by the mobile applications. The launching of mobile applications is easier and faster than loading of a mobile website. The interference of mobile phones in the professional lives of people helps in reducing time for marketing products and services. The target customers can be reached through their mobile smart phones through promotional messages even when they cannot access their emails. The mobile applications are applications that are run through the internet and are intended to run on mobile smart phones and other mobile devices. The customized mobile applications developed by the business house allow the company to manifold its performance. The increased flexibility and performance is a key advantage of mobile application technology (Mallick, 2003, 196). Mobiles phones are personal devices and each person has a unique experience of accessing the mobile applications. Services like geo-location services, video footage and audio recordings for advertisements, news applications and various features attracts the interest of the customers to install the applications in their mobile devices (McClure et al, 2012, p. 10). The internet services that were previously available only on the desktops or laptops have now arrived on mobile phones. There are three distinct advantages identified with the use of mobile applications; these are â€Å"speed, volume of information, an d advertising† (Walters, 2012). Speed is of prime importance in today’s society. In our daily rat race most of us cannot afford to spend the amount of time staring at the computer while it boots up and gets ready for an internet session. Students, working people and others mostly access the internet these days on mobile phones. The mobile applications do not

Negative Effects of Technology on Society

Negative Effects of Technology on Society Negative Effects of Technology There is no doubt that technology is playing a critical role in developing societies as countries depend on it in all disciplines of life. Countries all over the globe are competing to invent and develop the highest technological devices that can maintain the highest efficiency and accuracy of the work. Starting from 1980s, people started to use technology every day. The use of technology kept rising dramatically that people used it in tiny things. That overuse resulted in many negatives. There are many negative effects of overusing of technology on societies but the three major effects could be health problems, privacy problems and social problems. One of the negative sides of the rapid use of technology on societies is the health issue. There is no doubt that the technology is getting better and spreading around the world. That led societies to deal with it almost every day to get their work done resulting in many issues. These issues can mainly be divided into two main categories which are mental health problems and physical health problems. First of which is the physical health problem, there are many physical health issues that caused by dealing with technology but the critical ones are weaken the eyesight. People who usually deal with computers for a long periods of time like programmers suffer from blurry vision and eye soreness. According to Tripp (2013), people who usually use computers for long terms experience serious issues such as soreness of the eyes and blurring the vision. That can be clearly seen since eyes have to concentrate all the time on the screen that emits dangerous radiations that affects the eyes criti cally leading the eyes to start dropping tears which can make the eye blurry. Resulting in soreness of the eyes on long terms. In addition, technology can cause mental problems for some. Some people who usually spend hours dealing with TVs and Computers without interacting with people get discouraged and get an independent behavior which results in fear of talking to people resulting them to suffer from mental disease called anxiety. Unfortunately nowadays, parents are exposing their children to technology without taking in consideration the cruel effects of such an action. Causing their children to suffer from many mental diseases. Crawford (2011) mentioned that due to spending huge amounts of time; huge number of children were diagnosed by di polar disorder, anxiety and depression resulting in using enormous amounts of psychotropic medications. That can be clearly seen since the parents does not take in consideration that technology isolate the child from the outer world thus they get mental diseases. To sum up, technology has double edged effects which are mental and physical problems. The second negative effect of overuse of technology on the society is the deprivation of privacy and security. As the world experiencing many advancements in the technology it is also facing problems of privacy and security that can strip the world from personal information. Firstly, privacy issues. Privacy problems are considered as one of the critical issues. Privacy issues are concerned with tracking locations and spying on information. It is very easy for professionals to trace and spy on any electronic device that connects to a network by simply tracking the IP location using programs then establishing connections by dominating over foibles resulting in accessing data of the user. For example, some advertising websites can track location, watch what users do and see what the users like and dislike by s doing a survey of which products are more preferred, while some countries usually spy on another countries to maintain its internal security and spy on extremely important informa tion. According to Thai serves group (2012), minister of communication in Iran mentioned that the western are spying on the internet resulting in spreading of corruption. That is clearly seen since the west have more advanced instruments that can track and spy on anyone in the world with high accuracy. In addition to privacy problems, security problems can negatively affect anyone in the world, it is concerned with stealing of information. It is known that information of users of any website are saved in cloud storage of the website. Professionals aim for that cloud storage. If it is not well secured all of users information including ID and passwords will be threatened. For example, if a professional hacker login a bank database, he would cause a fatal damage to the users and the bank, running away leaving almost no trace. â€Å"Computer predators† (n.d.) mentioned that while computers are connected to the internet, hackers send malwares to seek for financial information and transfer it to them. That can be clearly seen since many hackers have used these malwares to penetrate banks systems in the west. Wrapping up, technology affects dramatically on the privacy and security The third negative effect of overuse of technology on societies is the social issue. Through these years technology was getting more advanced not only in business and work fields but for numerous number of fields. One of these important fields that gains enormous amount of profit is the games field, which has been modified many times to make the games more realistic and has more similarities to the real life. Games are so realistic that killing and other disgusting scenes are included in games. The serious effects of games can be divided into two main categories which are temper fluctuating and lack of social skills .Firstly, due to killing and blood scenes in the games aggression spread among all the teenagers. According to Alamy (2012), teens who usually play brutal games become extremely aggressive. That can be clearly seen because watching such dangerous scenes make the teenagers or children more likely to attack people or cause critical damage to their friends in schools or in n eighborhood. In addition to aggression, lack of social skills is another result of overuse of technology. Sitting all the day working on electronics such as computers could isolate the person. It is clear that technology boosted communications by easily contacting anyone by just pressing a button. But in fact it is responsible for the rapid loss of the relationships. Nowadays some people could be having a date and they are actually sitting next to each other but in reality they are not having any kind of contact. According to Howarth (2014), children social skills are decreasing dramatically because of spending long periods of time interacting with technology. That is clear because the more the child is attached to technology the less his social skills will be. Wrapping up, technology affects socializing of children. Finally, technology was made to serve the world but people used it in intensive levels that it caused serious problems that are health problems, privacy problems and social problems. Health problems are considered as critical issues which affects mental and physical health of the user. Moreover, privacy is negatively affected due to spying and stealing of information of users. Furthermore, socializing is affected by rapid change of temper and lack of social skills. People should spend less time and communicate with each other and use technology in rates that it doesn’t hurt people to avoid getting any problems in the future. Word Count -1198

Mike Tyson Essay -- Biography Biographies Papers

Mike Tyson Mike Tyson, the youngest ever heavyweight boxing champion of the world was born in a ghetto in the state of New York. His Father departed the family home two years after his birth, leaving his Mother to raise three children with very limited financial means. Subsequently, his Mother found a new partner who was abusive and violent. She then turned to alcohol in an attempt to escape from her existence. Michael, now aged five years, felt neglected and unloved by her but at this time he was unaware that his Mother was suffering from terminal cancer. (Gutteridge & Giller, 1996) Tormented by older children because of his high-pitched voice and clothes from a school charity group, Tyson learned quickly that he could retaliate against the bullies if he physically assaulted them. (Gutteridge & Giller, 1996) Tyson joined street gangs and was arrested for thirty crimes ranging from theft to assault before the age of twelve. Sentenced to a Juvenile Delinquents Centre for two years for mugging a young female, Tyson spent his time in prison learning the sport of boxing. Upon release, Cus D’Amato, a boxing manager and promoter, legally adopted Tyson and provided a stable environment and family atmosphere. â€Å"The following five years were the happiest and most contented Tyson had ever felt†. (Hoffer, 1998, p61) While Tyson was working towards winning the junior Olympic championship, D’Amato died leaving Tyson feeling devastated and alone. Turning professional a year later, Tyson went on to win the world heavyweight boxing championship aged only twenty years old. Once again, Tyson’s behaviour became increasingly errati... ... Fradiman, J. & Frager, R. (1994) Personality & Personal Growth. Harper Collins: N Y Gutteridge, R & Giller, N. (1996 ) Mike Tyson. The release of Power. Queen Anne Press : Herts Hoffer, R, (1998) A Savage Business, The come Back and Come Down of Tyson. Simon & Schuster : New York Hough, M. (1998) Counselling Skills & Theory. Hodder & Sloughton : London Mischel, W. (1976) Introduction to Personality. 2nd Edition Holt, Rinehart & Winston : London Ryckman, R.M. (2004) Theories of Personality. Thomson Wadsworth : U.K. Scott, P. & Spencer, C. (1998) Psychology. A Contemporary Introduction. Blackwell : Oxford Lane, M. (2004) Can a lottery win make you happy? BBC News on Line Magazine. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/magazine/3579213.stm Accessed: Nov 10th at 10am.

Plaza the logistics of Zaragoza Essay

The uncertainty in demand is reflected in the reorder point and safety stock. The more the variability in demand the higher will be the reorder point and the safety stock. A higher deviation in demand would directly affect the safety stock levels required at the warehouses and hence increase the inventory carrying costs. This increase would then affect the overall costs. Using our excel model, If we increase the standard deviation of annual demand from 10,000 to 32,000, the overall costs for Rotterdam become higher than those of Zaragoza. Similarly, varying the service life has an impact on the total cost as it controls the safety stock which in turn controls the inventory holding cost. Hence, as the service life increases to a higher value the cost of option 2 (Zaragoza) will be lesser than option 1. Cost of the product As the cost of the product increases the inventory holding cost increases increasing the total cost. So Zaragoza as has a better cost advantage over Rotterdam option. In our excel model, plugging a product cost of 295 Euros (E 47 and F 47 cells), keeping all other parameters unchanged makes Zaragoza a better cost option. So it is a factor to be considered. Recommendations Based on our above analysis, we recommend the following to the CEO of Zaragoza Logistics Park (Who should they try to sell their idea/option) Zaragoza should target customers with high number of units/TEU They should target customers with high product costs They should target customers whose demand uncertainty is high They should target customers with high annual demand rates They should target customers who have preference for high service rates Plaza is also an educational center for logistics while Rotterdam is a just a logistics park. Zaragoza should try to educate the customer about the supply chain benefits of associating with a world class logistics research center Plaza is a government backed firm – they should use this factor to instill more confidence in the customer over a private firm like Rotterdam option